Analysis of the research status of warmer dummy in China

The development of the warmer dummy can be divided into three stages, 1941 John Pisls Laboratory of Yale, Yale University, published an article in American Science Magazine, proposing Croow's definition, namely one Quietly sitting or engaged in mild herbal labor (metabolic heat 209.2 kJ / m2.H), at room temperature 21 ° C, relative humidity is less than 50%, the wind speed does not exceed 0.1 m / s Comfortable, the heat resistance value of the wearable cloth is 1 Cros. This unit combines people's physiological parameters, psychological sensation and environmental conditions, which can be understood and accepted by non-professionals. The US Military Climate Research Institute has developed the first generation of warm body fake people. Since the warm body dummy is a single dummy system, it is not possible to react the human temperature distribution, which can only be used for the general test of the thermal resistance of clothing, and obtain the thermal resistance of static clothing. In the 1960s, people developed the second generation of warm body fake people, namely, multi-stage warmers. The body surface temperature and heating system per segment are individually controlled, and the dummy's body can simulate the different postures of the human body, do some simple actions, thus performing static and dynamic testing of clothing thermal resistance. The third generation of warm body fake people can simulate the sweating of the human body, and can do more complicated actions, can more realistic, more fully reactively reacting the humid exchange process of human body, clothing and environment, can make the thermal wet transmission performance of clothing Overview. In the 1970s, the use of sweating copper people studied the moisture permeability of military uniforms, and the sweating warm body dummy was also used for the thermal performance of civil clothing. So far, more than 100 warm fake people have been developed worldwide. Its species include: dry hot warmers, sweating warm body fake people, breathing warm fake people, can be soaked warm, numerical warrants, small wheels, warm body prosthesis and false heads.
Dry hot warm body dummy can operate in three ways: temperature change, constant heat and constant temperature state. The temperature-made state is based on the thermal adjustment model of the human body in the cold environment, and the process of simulating the temperature of the skin temperature under different environmental conditions is a natural balance process, so the temperature state has a physiological evaluation significance of the true people. The constant heat state is used to observe the difference in heat dissipation conditions of the whole body, and is the difference in heat dissipation of the whole body according to the thermal resistance and environmental parameters of the garment. The constant temperature state is to control the body surface temperature of each disstatic section of the hemity dummy in the set range, so that the warm body dummy enters a dynamic thermal balance state. This method is used to measure the thermal resistance of clothing. The movement of the dummy in the dry body can be divided into still warm body dummy and dynamic warmers. The static warm body dummy has two kinds of standing and sitting, standing backsitative dummy is mainly used in clothing warm a li + work L-Bumen dagger E, evaluation, sitting heaters are mainly used for motor vehicles and heat in the motor vehicle and The thermal comfort evaluation of the motor vehicle driver is also used for the functional evaluation of space service. The activities of the dynamic warmers in all countries are not the same, but mainly shoulder joints, elbow joints, knees and ankle joints can be active to simulate human steering
. The dynamic warmers dummy is used to study the impact of human motion, wind speed, etc. on costume. Dry hot warmThe heat transfer performance of the test clothing is mainly used in dry hot state. According to the basic principle of the thermal resistance of the garment in a constant temperature, the dummy is placed in the artificial climatic chamber, and the dummy's body is heated with a certain power, and the surface temperature is stabilized at 33 ° C by the host computer. The difference between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature and its heating power calculates the thermal resistance of the garment.
Since the dry thermal heaters can only simulate the physiological response of the human body in the non-evaporated heat dissipation range (such as skin temperature, heat emissions, etc.), under thermal environment and exercise conditions, the human body is mainly against evaporation and heat Therefore, it is a comprehensive evaluation of the hot and humidity transfer mechanism of the study of clothing and the thermal wet transmission performance of the garment. Since 1988, scholars have begun to study the warm-ups and fake people. It is covered with a layer of simulated skin on the surface of the warm body fake, and then simulates the body sweating. The methods of simulating sweating are mainly: 1 external water supply method. It is a sweating of the dummy's surface injection distilled water, then put on the clothes, allowing the average skin temperature to a certain level, and complete all the tests before the drying and the skin temperature increases. This geometric process is very short, not well defined, unable to satisfactorily, can repeat the evaporation resistance and moisture permeability index; 2 internal water supply law. This method is to install water and control devices inside the dummy body, so that the dummy maintains moist in the entire test process, and can simulate the state of the human body, mainly in the cold environment or comfort, professional protective clothing. Hot and humidity transmission performance test.
The breathable warm body dummy is mainly used in the study of indoor working environment and the assessment of indoor air quality. The basic structure of the breathing warm body fake person is the same as the warm body dummy. It also has heating and temperature control unit. In addition, there is an artificial lung in the inside, composed of a piston, and the piston is driven by a motor The number of breathing and pulmonary ventilation (lift) per minute can be controlled, the size and shape of the oral or nose have an effect on the test results.
The water-heating body dummy is on the basis of the warmer dummy, plus the waterproof sealing device, so that the fake person has a waterproof function. Mainly used in testing diving clothes, water life jackets in the cold environment. When testing, the dressing dummy is immersed in water, maintains a constant water temperature, record the surface temperature of the dummy skin, the ambient temperature, and the heating power of each segment, calculate the total thermal resistance of the diving suit. Experiments have shown that turbulence will greatly reduce the total thermal resistance of diving clothes, and the height of water waves can also reduce the total thermal resistance of dive clothes 32-33. The thermal resistance measured by the immersion warmer fake can also be used to predict the tolerance time in a certain environment.
Numerical heating fake people use the "virtual" dummy to conduct industrial errors. Due to computational fluology (Computational Fluid Dynamics: CFD) technology has received increasing applications in various industries, computer technology is used to simulate human body. Relative to traditional heaters, numerical heating fake people are solving a seriesThe simulation of heat transfer mass around the dummy.
If the thermal performance of a particular bad parameter and clothing can be input to all heat dissipation of the human body, convection, radiation, and evaporation, such as the hot comfort and air quality of an environment. .
Small warm body dummy is flat to lying in the poster, and the test method is the same as the large heph of dummy. It is generally composed of 6 heating segments, namely, left upper limbs, right upper limbs, torso, left lower limbs, right lower limbs. Since the ratio of the quality and body surface area of the baby is higher than the adult, the small hemity dummy's dry thermal heat is larger than the large heever, and its evaluation indicator thermal resistance and the large heaters have not much difference. Small warm body dummy is mainly used to evaluate the hot environment of newborns, especially low-quality babies.
Warm body fake head, fake hand '421, false feet is mainly used for helmets or headquarters, gloves, shoes evaluation and guidance product development. The warmers are composed of heads, faces and neck. Three parts are separately heated, independently controlled. The false head can operate in a constant temperature and constant heat mode, and the test results indicate the degree of helmets in the surface temperature. Warm fake hand consists of eight pieces: thumb, index finger, middle finger, no name, small finger, palm, hand back and wrist. At the time of testing, the warmer fake hand is placed in a small box, the wrist is protected outside, and finally, the thermal conductivity of the glove is used to represent the thermal insulation performance of the gloves and the local heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient of palms and hands is low, index finger, middle finger and unknown node, thumb and small finger. The warmth of the warmer is composed of eight pieces: ie the toes, the foot, the foot follow, the middle of the foot, the ankle, the lower calf, the small and lower legs and guards. To simulate sweating, false feet consisting of 5 peg glands: located on the toes, foot, ankles, back, side steps. Wear cotton socks on a false feet so that water is distributed to full foot. The evaluation index has thermal resistance, wet resistance and moisture permeability index. If the pneumatic piston is connected, it can also imitate the human body.