Analysis of the characteristics of automobile collision dummy

The collision test was initially used for ejection seats, parachutes, etc. related to the plane. In 1960, the United States has developed a car crash test simulation dummy VIP, which is in SAE (Society Of Automotive Engineers American Automotive Engineer Association) standard for 50th simulation dummy (ie the 50% dummy - press Statistics, 50% of the US men's body weight and high physical parameters were specified in size, weight, and spring constant of the fake person.

With the in-depth of human body injury mechanism, the research and development of human body injury mechanism in bionics and crash accidents also has new progress: Hybrid I in 1971, based on this basis Improve the head, neck, shoulder, spine and knee of Hybrid i, and enhance the configuration of the test instrument, and developed Hybrid II in 1972, and in 1973 in FMVS208 standard (occupant The Hybrid II 50th dummy as a standard facility of the Crew in the cautious collision in the automobile collision test, and the standard Hybrid II test fake person in fake people in federal regulations was developed in the human body injury in the FMVS 208 standard. In addition to the experimental fake people of the indicator, there is also an application in FMVSS 212 and 301.
In 1976, General Motors made a lot of improvements to Hybrid II's neck, chest, knee, etc., and developed a mixed III type fake man Hybrid III closer to human body characteristics. Its installed data acquisition channel can be based on It takes more than 100, which greatly exceeds Hybrid II, and adapts to a more step-by-step research needs. And the improvement in the neck, etc., making the Hybrid III dummy's damage indicator value may be higher than Hybrid II, thereby put forward higher requirements for the occupant protection performance of the vehicle.
On July 25, 1986, the United States has revised 49CFR Part 572, which added a division on Hybrid III and regulations from October 23, 1986 to August 31, 1986. At the end of the day, the car collision test can choose to use any one of Hybrid II and Hybrid III dummy, and since September 1, 1991, Hybrid III will replace Hybrid II and to verify whether the vehicle meets the only FMVS208 performance requirements. Test dummy, later, due to some practical operating factors, decided to postpone the replacement date until September 1, 1997.

To further meet the needs of automobile collision test and biomechanical research, the United States has developed a test fake family. Hybrid specified in regulationsIn addition to II and Hybrid III, it also developed the production of a dummy and children's dummy in the side collision of the car.
European countries are also developing research and dumpers for car crash tests, and R16, which ECE (United Nations European Economic Commission) regulations (on the agreement of the unified conditions of the automotive belt and its posttle system certification) The fake person (the false person weighing 74.5kg, height is 175cm) in Europe , the dummy is only used in the safety belt dynamic test in ECE RL6, and only high-speed photography measures the dummy bone in the experiment. Benefits and chests. On the other hand, Europe has also developed a side collision EUROSID dummy and has been applied to collision tests, but there is no corresponding regulatory description.
About the trial of the car collision, there is no unified international standard so far, and countries use the most use of Hybrid II and Hybrid III, including Europe's Mercedes-Benz Motors, the world, etc. Big Motors use a large number of Hybrid II and Hybrid III type fakers in automotive collision test studies.
According to the human type, the dummy can be divided into adult dummy and children's dummy. Adult fake people are divided into medium male dumpers, small body female dummy and big body male dummy. The most commonly used in the car collision test is the average body of the medium-sized fake person who represents the 50th percentage adult in Europe and America. In order to consider different human body shapes in the design, small body and big figure have been developed in accordance with the limit of the end of the population of European and American people. Small body female dummy represents the body of the 5th percentage of female adults in Europe and America; the big body male dummy represents the body of the 95th percentage of Europe and the United States. The height of the children's dummy, the weight is the average height and weight of children in the designated age group, regardless of gender.
According to the type of collision test, the dummy can also be divided into frontal collision dummy and the side collision dummy. There are now three collision dumpers for sale as a product: SID, EUROSID and BIOSID. These three fake people are developed according to the 50% adult male, and SID is a test fake person designated by the side collision test regulations in the United States. EUROSID is a test fake person designated by side collision test regulations in Europe, Japan and other countries. .

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