Analysis of the structure of fake people in clothing test

1 Introduction
In many human body dress experiments, the fake people often use the dummy to test the real person, which can not only avoid the dangers and physiological effects of personal safety, but also for a long time. Multiple repetitions of cumbersome tests and facilitate reducing costs and improving accuracy and unified standards. According to different research purposes, clothing test fake people mainly include warmer fake people, soft dummy and burning fake people. Among them, the warm body dummy is used to simulate the hot and humid exchange process between the human body, clothing and the environment; the software dummy is used to conduct research on human pressure comfort; combustion fake people are used to simulate thermal environments to assess fire protection equipment. In response to the development and development of these clothing tests, the simulation of the fake people must be considered for the fake people to consider their activity. At the same time, with the development and practical application of mechanical automation technology, clothing test fake people should not be limited to simulation of posture and static action simulation, but should analyze the activeity of clothing test fake people. And design, more comprehensive simulating the series of dynamics of human motion, so that it can better meet the needs of various experiments.
2 Types and characteristics of clothing tests
2. The warm body dummy
Thermal dummy is analog human body, clothing, its basic principle is to automatically use the closed-loop temperature of the microcomputer control Adjusting the system to realize the simulation system of the human finless wicking function, by simulating the hot and humid exchange process between the human body, clothing and the environment, and calculate the hot and humid evaluation indicators of the garment according to the state parameters when the three are in a steady-state heat balance, thereby The purpose of the test 1, 2. The development of the warmer dummy began in the 1940s US Army Temperators developed the first-generation warm body dummy, which can only be used for general testing of clothing thermal resistance, through multi-sections of the 1960s, can simulate human body The second generation of warm body fake people in different attitudes, to the current third-generation warm body sweating holiday person, and its application range is also broad 3,4. The simulation of the warmer dummy to the human body movement also has the earliest static to now simulate a variety of complex motion attitude of the human body. Many countries will consider more activeness of the dummy when developing a warm body dummy. However, the current prostitute can be active research and development, usually in the fake person's shoulder, elbow, hip and ankle and other parts, still need to simulate the human motion of the human body with external strength, its joint Motion range and positioning use of a bearing friction 5, not scheduled, positioning, and quick-speed to accurately simulate the series of dynamics of the human body.
2.2 Soft Dums
Apparel Test Software Dumsman is a model for testing pressure comfort in recent years. Depend onAs requiring a high degree of simulation of the body structure and skin of the human body, it is necessary to simulate the flexible elasticity of the human skin to meet the clothing comfort and clothing stress test. Research. In 2005, Hong Kong Institute of Technology Textile and Garment Department 6 developed the world's first software dummy, mainly used in static dress display, comfort, and pressure testing.
In order to make the software dummy can meet the needs of dynamic body-shaped experiments, 2008 Donghua University 7 developed an adult female lower body movable soft body. The inner layer of the mounted dummy uses a standard skeletal model as a basic component, and the outer layer uses a material similar to the human skin texture, and the artificial joint and the airbag device are provided in the hip joint and knee sections, which can simulate the human body, bending , Squatting and other gestures. Among them, the hip joint of the dummy is a driving method using a spherical bearing friction, and the knee joint is manually adjusted to the driving method of turbine vortex lever transmission, and it is still not possible to regulate the regulation of timing at a timed fixed speed from the dummy.
2.3 Combustion Dums
The combustion dummy is a combustion environment in laboratory conditions in a thermal flow, flame distribution, and duration, by detecting information about the surface of the clothing and the skin. Use the corresponding skin burn index to objectively quantitatively evaluate the body's burns and overall thermal protection properties of protective clothing 8. Burning fake people originated in the 1962 US Navy's male dummy used to test the air of the Air Force's clothing, and the University of Minnesota, the University of Minnesota has also built an adult women who have 44 thermocouple sensors in the 1980s. By the end of the 1980s, Albert University, Canada has also developed a fake person similar to the Navy, and the dummy surface has 110 heat flow sensors. Recently, it is representative of the United States, the combustion dummy system developed by the Human Ecological Department of Human Ecology, Canada, USA, and the products developed can basically meet the overall performance of thermal protection clothing 9, 10.
There are currently three ways to simulate human motion for the activeity of combustion fake people. The first method is to provide joints in the shoulders, elbows, hips, knee and ankles, etc., using bearing friction and external forces to simulate various attitude of the human body 10. This approach cannot be simulated for the dynamics of the human body. The second method is to simulate the reaction of the human body in the fire through the orbit and movable burner by means of a uniformly combustible fire environment. The limitation of this approach is that only the speed of movement of the body of the dummy heat flow change corresponding to the surface opposite the body, the body does not reflect the actual situation at the time of running. A third method is by combustion of the local dynamic control dummyDynamic Modules, Wallace and Amotz et al. Developed a combustion model to simulate the human legs, as shown in Figure 1. The combustion model is provided with a shaft joint in the hip, knee and the ankle, and is used to simulate the body of the human body in the combustion environment. Safety protection performance in the motion state is used. However, this combustion model is limited to the local morphology of the human body, and cannot simulate the action of the entire human body.
3 Dummy can active analysis and design
3.1 Drive
For fake people in clothing test, electric drive is used due to its morphological characteristics and speed and dynamic control. It is a relatively ideal way. The power drive has the advantages of convenient power supply, rapid response, large driving force, convenient and flexible control of signal detection. The drive motor can use an AC or DC servo motor and accompany the deceleration mechanism. However, it is best to use a large torque, low speed motor, low speed motor, to simplify the mechanism and improve control accuracy 12. At the same time, it should take into account the conditions under special conditions and take corresponding measures, such as the combustion fake people used in high temperature environments must consider the effect of thermal radiation.
3.2 Joint
The human body
The motion system is formed by a bone as a lever, the joint is the shaft, and the muscles shrinkage is dynamic, including the type of condyle, sliding, pivot, and saddle. 13. The activeness of the tester is usually involved in the joint shoulder joint, elbow joint, hip joint, knee and spine, etc., the movement involved is mainly flexion, internal exhibition and internal rotation. Despite the higher the degree of simulation of the dummy and the real person, the actual application of the clothing experiment and the performance of the fake people's design plan, the fake person can actually actively use the rotary joint, using a single or more The rotation joint can basically meet the needs of its different motion forms. Of course, the size of the plurality of articles of the fake person should try to meet the dimensional requirements of the corresponding human joints.
3.3 Structure The structure of the clothing test is similar to the human body. It is made of head, torso, upper limbs and lower limbs, and is divided by shoulder joint, elbow joint, hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint. In order to achieve the requirements, at least 3 degrees of freedom should be each degree of freedom in the upper limbs and lower extremity in the case of trunk. Since the fake people can actually be used to reproduce the movement of the human body and their posture, only need to move within a fixed spatial range, without considering the walking robotSample dynamic balance, thus reducing the freedom of freedom in the case of satisfying the requirements when designing the requirements, to simplify the operation and control system. In addition, it is necessary to consider the convenience of the clothes.
3.4 Control
Since the dummy is a space open chain mechanism, the motion of each joint is independent, in order to reproduce the movement trajectory of the limbs, multiple joint motion coordination, need to put multiple independent servo systems Organically coordinated, complete the required movement through the program set by the computer software. The fake man's control method should be trajectory. The hand feet of the fake person should meet the requirements of the experiment according to the trajectory and motor speed of the teaching. In the experiment, fake people often need to maintain different action postures, thereby also need to install the brake in each joint site, and the brake should be placed on the system-driven input to ensure high positioning accuracy 14.
3.5 Examples
In order to meet the requirements of human motion simulation, it can simplify structural and convenient manipulation as much as possible, and can be set to 3 free people's head and torso fixation. Degree, its shoulder joint and hip joint are 2 degrees of freedom, and the elbow joint and knee joint are 1 degree of freedom, as shown in FIG.
The dummy can use the motor from the internal drive to simulate the speed and posture of the human movement through the computer program. In this way, the fake people can accurately describe experiments such as the human body, running, running, and cycling in accordance with the movement of timing and the movement of the inadequirate, endpoint and the extension of the extension.

4 Dummy can active development
4.1 series dynamic simulation

Although current Developed clothing tests can use dummy people to put out a variety of complicated action gestures, but to complete a series of continuous human sports projects still need to continue research. In particular, the body's dressing experiments typically involve different moving forms, such as walking, running, and climbing, etc., the human physiological characteristics and changes in the continuous series of dynamic conditions will be different from the respective action postures, resulting experimental results It will also be different from the stationary action attitude. Therefore, clothing testing dummy's series of dynamic simulations to the human body will be an important direction of future research.

4.2 Morphological simulation
To realize the various dynamic body shapes of the human body, the production process and materials of the dummy joint site are also in-depth research. Especially for soft fake people, the performance characteristics of the material is quite high, requiring both the texture similar to the human skin, and has good ductility of the skin, ifThe material used is too soft, it is difficult to simulate the shape of the human body, and if the material used is too hard, it is difficult to telescope without simulating the movement of the joint. Although the current software fake people can simulate a variety of postures of the human body, it is necessary to achieve the extent to which the human body activity is very close, and it is inevitable to further study and develop it. In addition, for the warmer dummy and the combustion dummy, the gaps formed at the seam due to the need to meet the needs of joint activities, will have a certain impact on the microsurgical level between the human and clothing, and the future needs to improve And perfect.
5 Conclusion
To make the clothing test fake people can better meet the dress experiments of various needs, further in-depth research of the active function of the dummy is essential. Of course, this not only needs to utilize the knowledge experience and technology of the apparel industry and humanote effects, but also take advantage of the relatively mature technical achievements such as robotics, mechanical automation and control technology, etc. to better improve and improve clothing. Test the active function of the dummy.



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