Development and Performance Analysis of Heaters of Heaters in Boardroom Space Services Test

ldquo; God 7 rdquo; Manned spacecraft to achieve the flight of astronauts for the first time, which is an important milestone event in China's aerospace industry. Astronaut space strolls the spacewood wear can be seen as a miniature spacecraft and is also a comprehensive life security system. The space is in a vacuum, there is no atmospheric protection, the temperature changes very large, no sunlight can be less than zero down 200 ° C, the temperature can be higher than 100 ° C, and the interior space clothes provide atmosphere to provide atmosphere and supply breathing oxygen. In addition, it is also necessary to use a liquidcycle system to increase temperature and cool down according to a change in the external environment, to maintain the temperature field required for human survival. Does the city space suit meet the needs of the astronauts to travel in space, need to be tested in the ground simulation environment. In order to protect the safety of astronauts, using warm lanceers to simulate live-action tests is a feasible solution.

Since the 1940s, the first warm body fake person 1 used to study the heat comfort of military uniforms, there have been a variety of warm body fake people in the world 2, But basically a dry warm body dummy and sweating. However, the warm body dummy is a mechanical simulation device. It does not have some limits in some functions of the human body. It is often not possible to meet a variety of simulation requirements, and the development of warmer fake people presents specialization trends, such as fire protection. The fake people who serve anti-combustion tests, the sweeping warpy people for moisture permeability testing, and the warm body dummy used in a specific test environment such as space aircraft, etc. China has also developed a number of dumprs, Donghua University in the late 1990s is China ldquo; God 5 rdquo; first manned spaceflight developed a flat space service test gesture adjustable heater fake person 3, total The Institute of Equipment Minilian Equipment refers to the foreign prototype 4 for evaluating the thermal comfort of military uniforms.

Introduction to the BACK, the warmer dummy introduced this article is a warm body fake person who can meet the specific test requirements of the cabiat space service, in the first use of ldquo; split independent, real-time combination rdquo; Design ideas, developed new types of easy-to-disassembled series, can assemble and decompose in real-time space in overall space service, solve the measurement problem of the warmer dummy in the space suit. At the same time, the dummy has realized the first time, and the power control mode is first realized on the basis of the general thermostat and constant power measurement mode, and the test requirements of the overseas space service are met.

1, the function and main composition of the warm body dummy

Extravail service test with warm body dummy is the measurement of the space Test equipment for overall thermal performance, can simulate human skin temperature and non-evaporate heat dissipation to aerospace-temperature fluctuations and metabolic thermal fluctuations, avoiding the subject multiple, long-term exposure to A variety of harsh analog environments, which is conducive to testing the overall or local area of the aerospace service.Number, providing test basis for the design of the space service. The test equipment mainly implements the following uses:

1) Using the thermal simulation of human metabolism, the thermal simulation and thermal control of human metabolism in the heat control test of the cabin space service system;

2) As the heat exchange characteristics of the heat exchange characteristics of the heat-cooling tank when the liquid cold clothing system in the overall space service system is tested.

Reference ldquo; China Pilot Human Measurement Size RDQUO; National Military Standard, Pressing Height 168 CM Events Data of the Human Parts as the design reference basis of the heaters dummy's body, so that the warm body dummy has a geometrical morphology and limb activity characteristics, and has a good inventive state in the accommodation service specific space, while There is a good contact area with the liquid cold service. A schematic diagram of the thermostat of the warmer dummy is shown in Figure 1. The warm body dummy is divided into head neck, chest back, gousy, left arm, right arm, left thigh, right thigh, left calf, right calorie, left foot, right foot. 11 independent heating zones.

The thermos of the warm body in this paper is designed to have a non-skeleton structure, and the copper shell of each segment is concurrent structure. The independent section is connected to the main portion, the main portion is coupled to the corresponding joint, and the coil portion is equivalent to the force of the main body force portion, and the coil rdquo; combined with the body portion by the joint. The main auxiliary structure can be used to facilitate the installation, maintenance and replacement of the internal heating element.

Thermal dummy can meet the detachment requirements of the cabin space suit, the key is the design of the joint. The warm body dummy in this paper uses a newly developed easy-to-pull joint connection, which can be assembled and disassembled in a particular space in the space space suit, ensuring that it has good wear and wearing a state. Heating dummy joints are divided into head neck joints, shoulder joints, waist joints, clam joints, knee joints and ankle joints. The joint design has the following features:

1) Quickly disassemble, and can complete the warm body fake assembly and disassembly in a limited narrow space.

2) Signal lines, the power line can easily pass the connected joint and connected by connecting the plug; the joint rotation has no effect and damage to the line.

3) has a heat insulating device, isolated on the internal air heat convection of each segment.

4) Has a certain waterproof function, which does not cause water leakage to the interior in a short period of time.

5) The use of stainless steel digital washing processing, high precision, and durable.

1. Design of hematic dummy measuring control system

The measuring system is outside the impact of the impotenceThe most important part of the development process, fully considered issues such as advanced ni, reliability and measurement and control accuracy, using the US NI's LabVIEW virtual instrument development system, which is completed in the case of each indicator to meet the requirements. Development of the system. The system includes a 12-way fake internal temperature measurement input channel, 12 external temperature measurement (calibration) channel, 12-way power output channel, and 4 ambient temperature and 2 environment relative humidity monitoring channel. Internal adopted fuzzy algorithm and PID (ProPorts Integrated Differential algorithm to ensure control accuracy, have a constant skin temperature, transdermal temperature, constant mean

rate, variable power, switching function, can be achieved, Time-free constant change test and record all data. At the same time, the equipment has safety protection measures to prevent injury from electronic instrument equipment in person or space clothes due to failure of leakage, short circuit. The basic composition of the warm body dummy system is shown in Figure 2.

2 The dynamic response process of thermal prosthesis

Warm fake people are getting new steady state When thermal balance, it will pass through a dynamic response process. The characteristics of this process reflect the structural characteristics and control quality of the system itself to some extent. Therefore, the analysis and evaluation of the response process can be used as an important means of assessment system performance. The temperature is the measurement of the energy stored in the object, as a variable that characterizes the system thermal state, can describe the response process of the system by measuring the change of the surface temperature of the warm body dummy. The test was performed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, except for the variation of special requirements, the test environment was set to a temperature of 21 ° C, relative humidity of 60%, wind speed le; 0.2 m / s.

The dynamic response test of the warm body dummy is carried out simultaneously, and the data is recorded separately. Since the warm body dummy's chest back is the most important part of the body torso, the largest area is the largest, and the interaction with other sections is large, and its dynamic response characteristics are basically the dynamic response characteristics of the entire heaters. To simplify the description, the dynamic response characteristics under the various conditions of the warm body dummy are discussed in the typical section of the chest.

2.1 Holy Ambient Temperature, Helen-Leung Wenhe Temporary Poverty Process Warm Body Dummy In ldquo; Constant Leather Wen RDQUO; Mode Test , Set ldquo; dummy temperature control rdquo; 33 ° C. The heaters start from the ambient temperature of 21 ° C until the steady state is reached, and the dynamic response curve is shown in Figure 3, wherein the ambient temperature value and the inner surface temperature value of the thermostat dummy copper shell are system sensor monitoring results. The outer surface temperature of the dummy is the temperature value of the warm body dummy's copper shell surface measured by the temperature gun.

3 It can be seen that in the case where the ambient temperature is relatively stable (substantially constant in the range of (21 PLUSMN; 0.5) ° C), the temperature of the warm body is raised by 200 S, and the temperature of its inside and outside surface is raised from 21 ° C to 33 ° C, And is basically stable in the range of (33 Plusmn; 0.2) ° C, the system always maintains heat balance.

2.2 Ambient temperature changes, the response process of the constant skin temperature warmer dummy

in ldquo; constant skin temperature rdquo; mode to warm body dummy Test, set ldquo; dummy temperature warming rdquo; 33 ° C. The ambient temperature was raised from 15 ° C to 20 ° C, raised to 25 ° C, and stabilized at each temperature condition. The warmer dummy starts from the initial ambient temperature, i.e., at 15 ° C, the dynamic response curve is shown in Figure 4.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, regardless of the ambient temperature in a steady state or a variable state, the temperature of the inner surface of the warm body dummy can be stably in the set value, ie 33 ° C And in the range of (33 plusmn; 0.2) ° C; the temperature of the hephum fake human outer surface is different, when the ambient temperature is stable, the temperature of the heater fake people can be substantially stable in (33 plusmn; 0.2) ° C When the ambient temperature changes, since the temperature of the warm body fake human outer surface changes with ambient temperature in a certain range due to the environmental air convection, the variation has not exceeded plusmn; 0.4 ° C, which further explained the system. Has good stability.

2.3 Holy Ambient Temperature, Defelt Wenhe Warm Pseudo-human Response Process

Heaters in ldquo; Translation Temperature RDQUO; Two kinds of temperature-related processs under different temperature settings and different levels of temperature rate settings.

(1) The temperature change process under different temperature settings. Setting ldquo; Heating Dummy Control Temperature Ring; changes from 33 ° C to 36 ° C, raised to 39 ° C, and finally fall to 33 ° C, and at each set temperature state lasts 1000s, its dynamic The response curve is shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from Figure 5, the surface temperature of the warm body dummy's copper housing is raised from one temperature level to another temperature level (e.g., from 33 ° C to 36 ° C) and entering a stable state. The temperature rise of the outer surface is slightly slow, and there is a certain hysteresis due to the environmental natural convection. The warmth of the warmer dummy is cooling down due to natural cooling, so the speed is slow, and 650s is required from 39 ° C to 33 ° C.

(2) The temperature change process under different heating rates. Setting ldquo; Dummy Control Temperature Rdquo; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 ° C, respectivelyThe temperature rise rate of / min was raised from 30 ° C to 39 ° C, and the dynamic response curve was shown in FIG. 6 in each stable temperature state. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the surface temperature and the outer surface temperature of the warm body dummy can be warmed by the set temperature rise rate, and the actual temperature rise curve is substantially complicated with the set curve, indicating it in the above temperature rate. The dynamic response process is good. The cooling process is substantially consistent due to the temperature of the environmental conditions, and the temperature at 39 ° C to 30 ° C under different settings is basically consistent, and 750 s is required.

2.4 Constant ambient temperature, changed power warmer's response process

in ldquo; change power rdquo; mode The warmer dummy is tested, and the power is set to 300 W at a rate of 2% / min and 8% / min, respectively, and the steady state of each power is continuous, and its continuous time long shock The surface temperature of the warm body prostitute is determined, and its dynamic response curve is shown in Figure 7.

Comparison Figs. 7 (a) and 7 (b) can be seen that at the line up stage, the temperature of the heaters, the temperature of the outer surface is also approximately linear When the power is stable to a certain value, the temperature of the warm body is gradually stable, but its tending process is relatively slow, this is related to the thermal capacity of the warm body dummy itself, and the temperature change is impossible. Translucent changes occur due to power turning, but can only gradually introduce a stable value. When the power rises is 2% / min, the end point of its line temperature rise is shorter than the time required to reach the time than the power ratio of 8% / min, which means that the steepness of the power turning angle is The longer the temperature response process. When the temperature reaches stable, the warm body dummy can be maintained in the thermal balance.

3, the measurement accuracy of thermal fake person

The accuracy of the warmer dummy is an important technical indicator, in the warmers During the design of the person, in order to reduce the influence of the error, the high test accuracy is guaranteed, the control temperature and the actual output power of the warm body dummy have been calibrated, and the temperature deviation is smaller than the plusmn; 0.25 ° C, the power deviation is less than 5% To minimize system errors. In order to assess the repetition accuracy of the heaters, the temperature of 21 ° C, the relative humidity is 60%, the wind speed le; 0.2m / s artificial climet, the experiment in the fake people ldquo; In rdquo; mode, setting the fake person's skin temperature is 30, 33, 36, 39, 42 ° C, 10 repetitive measurements for the hemity dummy bare CLO value, as shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the warm body dummy in this paper has high measurement accuracy, and the measured relative standard deviation is not greater than2%.

Fig. 8 is a warm fake person in the state of nude test in the artificial climate chamber.

4, the conclusion

This paper introduces the development of the warmer dummy in the overall space service test.The cabin space, warm body fake person has the body-shaped characteristics of China. The first time the constant skin temperature, constant power, variable power and transolden control are achieved, which can meet the measurement requirements under special use conditions of cabin space service.Test trials in different measurement modes showed that the heater dummy system designed in this paper has good dynamic response characteristics and measurement accuracy, providing trials for the development of China's overseas space services in the ground simulation space trial.